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<p class="purpose">To define how English nouns and verbs are inflected.</p>

<ul class="toc"><li><a href="4-ei.html#SP1">&#167;1. Noun inflections</a></li><li><a href="4-ei.html#SP5">&#167;5. Plural inflections</a></li><li><a href="4-ei.html#SP14">&#167;14. Verb inflections</a></li><li><a href="4-ei.html#SP45">&#167;45. Present to past participles</a></li><li><a href="4-ei.html#SP46">&#167;46. Adjective agreements</a></li></ul><hr class="tocbar">

<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;1. Noun inflections.</b>The following trie looks at the start of a word, which we assume to be a
noun, and decides whether to use the indefinite article "a" or "an".
This is much more complicated than simply looking for a vowel as the first
letter, as people often think until they try a few cases.
</p>

<p class="commentary">The following was compiled by Toby Nelson with the aid of a pronunciation
dictionary and the "Official Scrabble Wordlist".
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;singular-noun-to-its-indefinite-article&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-indef-a&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-indef-b&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-indef-c&gt;</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2. </b>Exceptions to the exceptions:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-indef-a&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oneir</span><span class="plain-syntax">*          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">onero</span><span class="plain-syntax">*          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ukiyo</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">e</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">urao</span><span class="plain-syntax">*           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">urial</span><span class="plain-syntax">*          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">uvarovite</span><span class="plain-syntax">*      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP3" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;3. </b>Then the exceptions:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-indef-b&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">eu</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ewe</span><span class="plain-syntax">*            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ewftes</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ewghen</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ewk</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">houri</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">once</span><span class="plain-syntax">*           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">one</span><span class="plain-syntax">*            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">onst</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oui</span><span class="plain-syntax">*            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">u</span><span class="plain-syntax">               </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">u</span><span class="plain-syntax">-*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">u</span><span class="character-syntax">'*             a |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uakari          a |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    ub*             a |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    udal*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    udomet*         a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uey             a |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    ueys            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    ufo*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uganda*         a |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    ugr*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uint*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uk*             a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    ulex            a |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uli*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    ulo*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    ulu*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    una             a |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unabomb*        a |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unalist         a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unanimit*       a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unanimous*      a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unesco          a |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unescos         a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unia*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unic*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unif*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unig*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unil*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unio*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unip*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uniq*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unis*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    unit*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    univ*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    upas*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    ura*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    ure*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uri*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uru*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    usa*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    use*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    usi*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    usu*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    utas*           a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    ute*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uti*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uto*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    utr*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uttoxeter*      a |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uva*            a |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    uvu*            a</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP4" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;4. </b>And finally the basic rules:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-indef-c&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax">*              </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">e</span><span class="plain-syntax">*              </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">*              </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">o</span><span class="plain-syntax">*              </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">u</span><span class="plain-syntax">*              </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">f</span><span class="plain-syntax">               </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">f</span><span class="character-syntax">'s             an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    f-*             an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    fbi             an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    fo              an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    frs             an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    h               an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    h'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">h</span><span class="plain-syntax">-*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">haute</span><span class="plain-syntax">*          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">heir</span><span class="plain-syntax">*           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hono</span><span class="plain-syntax">*           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hour</span><span class="plain-syntax">*           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">l</span><span class="plain-syntax">               </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">l</span><span class="character-syntax">'s             an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    l-*             an |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    m               an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    m'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">m</span><span class="plain-syntax">-*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax">               </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="character-syntax">'s             an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    n-*             an |         </span>
<span class="character-syntax">    r               an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    r'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">r</span><span class="plain-syntax">-*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rac</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">raf</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rspca</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rsvp</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax">               </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="character-syntax">'s             an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    s-*             an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    x               an |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    x'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">x</span><span class="plain-syntax">-*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">xmas</span><span class="plain-syntax">*           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yb</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yc</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yd</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yf</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yg</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ym</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yn</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yp</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yr</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ys</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yt</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yw</span><span class="plain-syntax">*             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP5" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;5. Plural inflections.</b>The following takes a single word, assumes it to be a noun which meaningfully
has a plural, and modifies it to the plural form. ("Golf" is a noun which
doesn't sensibly have a plural; the algorithm here would return "golves".)
</p>

<p class="commentary">The trie here was derived from a partial implementation of Damian Conway's
algorithm: see his paper "An Algorithmic Approach to English
Pluralization", online at his website. The use of tries makes this somewhat
faster than Conway's reference implementation, which for clarity's sake
consists of a long sequence of regular-expression matches.
</p>

<p class="commentary">Conway divides plurals into modern and classical forms, and in cases where a
noun has both, we take the modern form. Thus "phalanxes", not "phalanges".
Because we focus on single words, we also omit prepositional phrases ("under
water") and position names qualified by following adjectives ("procurator
fiscal", "postmaster general"). Otherwise we omit only two cases, both
involving capitalised proper nouns: nationality adjectives used as if they were
nouns ("I saw two Japanese walking into the airport") and names of people used
as if they were count nouns for a category of people like the one named ("We
need more Wills, more Henrys.") &mdash; these are not likely to arise much in Inform
usage, and they are awkward to implement with our tries because they depend on
prefix as well as suffix and require case-dependency.
</p>

<p class="commentary">In its written form (as of November 2009, anyway), Conway's paper omits an
important step from Algorithm 1, though it's present in his Perl implementation:
the regular case of a sibilant suffix. (Ironically, this means that as stated
Algorithm 1 pluralizes "suffix" incorrectly, as "suffixs".) I have filled
this omission. I have also amended step 11, which considers the regular plural
of a sibilant plus "o" suffix to include an "e", so that Conway produces
"torsoes", "bozoes"; we will have "torsos" and "bozos".
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;singular-noun-to-its-plural&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-uninflected&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-pronouns&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-irregular&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-irregular-inflections&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-assimilated-classical-inflections&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-irregular-o-suffixes&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-regular-inflections&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-append-s&gt;</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP6" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;6. </b>See Conway's table A.2. The following nouns, mostly names of kinds of animal,
have the same plural as singular form: for example, chamois, salmon, goldfish.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-uninflected&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">fish</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ois</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sheep</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">deer</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pox</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">itis</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bison</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">flounder</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pliers</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bream</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gallows</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">proceedings</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">breeches</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">graffiti</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rabies</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">britches</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">headquarters</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">salmon</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">carp</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">herpes</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">scissors</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chassis</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">high</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">jinks</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sea</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">bass</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clippers</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">homework</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">series</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cod</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">innings</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shears</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">contretemps</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">jackanapes</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">species</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">corps</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mackerel</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swine</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">debris</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">measles</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">trout</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">diabetes</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mews</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tuna</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">djinn</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mumps</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">whiting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">eland</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">news</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wildebeest</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">elk</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pincers</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP7" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;7. </b>We may as well pluralise pronouns while we're at it.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-pronouns&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">               </span><span class="identifier-syntax">we</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">you</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">you</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thou</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">you</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">she</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">they</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">he</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="identifier-syntax">they</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">it</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="identifier-syntax">they</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">they</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">they</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">me</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="identifier-syntax">us</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">you</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">you</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thee</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">you</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">her</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">them</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">him</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">them</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">it</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="identifier-syntax">them</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">them</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">them</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">myself</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ourselves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yourself</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yourself</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thyself</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yourself</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">herself</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">themselves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">himself</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">themselves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">itself</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">themselves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">themself</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">themselves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oneself</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oneselves</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP8" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;8. </b>We now reach Conway step 4. These are irregular plurals mostly coming
from archaisms.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-irregular&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beef</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beefs</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |            </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">brother</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">brothers</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |      </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">child</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">children</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cow</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cows</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |            </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ephemeris</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ephemerides</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">genie</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">genies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |        </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">money</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">moneys</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |        </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mongoose</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mongooses</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mythos</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mythoi</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">octopus</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">octopuses</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |     </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ox</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oxen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">soliloquy</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">soliloquies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">trilby</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">trilbys</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP9" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;9. </b>Step 5. Now we reach a batch of irregular but fairly general inflected
endings; for example, protozoon to protozoa, or metamorphosis to metamorphoses.
Note that we differ from Conway in pluralizing blouse as blouses, not blice,
and human as humans, not humen.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-irregular-inflections&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">human</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">humans</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |           </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">man</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="identifier-syntax">men</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">blouse</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ses</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">louse</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">5</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lice</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">mouse</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">5</span><span class="identifier-syntax">mice</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">tooth</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">5</span><span class="identifier-syntax">teeth</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">goose</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">5</span><span class="identifier-syntax">geese</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">foot</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="identifier-syntax">feet</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">zoon</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="identifier-syntax">zoa</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cis</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ces</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sis</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ses</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">xis</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="identifier-syntax">xes</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP10" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;10. </b>Step 6. These are inflections from Latin and Greek which have survived
into modern English:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-assimilated-classical-inflections&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alumna</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alumnae</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |            </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alga</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">algae</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vertebra</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vertebrae</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">codex</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">codices</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |            </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">murex</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">murices</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">silex</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">silices</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aphelion</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aphelia</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |            </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hyperbaton</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hyperbata</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">perihelion</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">perihelia</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">asyndeton</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">asyndeta</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">noumenon</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">noumena</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">phenomenon</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">phenomena</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">criterion</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">criteria</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">organon</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">organa</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">prolegomenon</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">prolegomena</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">agendum</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">agenda</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |            </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">datum</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">data</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">extremum</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">extrema</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bacterium</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bacteria</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">desideratum</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">desiderata</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stratum</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strata</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">candelabrum</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">candelabra</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">erratum</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">errata</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ovum</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ova</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP11" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;11. </b>Step 11a. (We're not implementing Conway's steps in sequence: see below.)
These -o endings are mostly loan words from Romance languages whose original
inflections are assimilated.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-irregular-o-suffixes&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">albino</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">albinos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alto</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">altos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">archipelago</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">archipelagos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">armadillo</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">armadillos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">basso</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bassos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">canto</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cantos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">commando</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">commandos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">contralto</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">contraltos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">crescendo</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">crescendos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ditto</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dittos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dynamo</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dynamos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">embryo</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">embryos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fiasco</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fiascos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">generalissimo</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">generalissimos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ghetto</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ghettos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">guano</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">guanos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inferno</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">infernos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">jumbo</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">jumbos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lingo</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lingos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lumbago</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lumbagos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">magneto</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">magnetos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">manifesto</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">manifestos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">medico</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">medicos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">octavo</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">octavos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">photo</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">photos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pro</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pros</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quarto</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quartos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rhino</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rhinos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">solo</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">solos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">soprano</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sopranos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stylo</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stylos</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tempo</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tempos</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP12" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;12. </b>Conway steps 8 to 11. These are regular inflections depending only on
word endings.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-regular-inflections&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ch</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sh</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ss</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">alf</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">elf</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">olf</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">eaf</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">arf</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nife</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">life</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wife</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ves</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ax</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ex</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ix</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ox</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ux</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">as</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">is</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">os</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">us</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">az</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ez</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |         </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iz</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oz</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">uz</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">zz</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ay</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |            </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">by</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">dy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ey</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">fy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">gy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">hy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">jy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ky</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ly</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">my</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ny</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">py</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">qy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ry</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ty</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">uy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">vy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">xy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">yy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">zy</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ies</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ao</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |            </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">bo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">co</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">eo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">fo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">go</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ho</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">io</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">jo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ko</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">mo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">no</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">po</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">qo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ro</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">so</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">uo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">vo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">xo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">yo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oes</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">zo</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP13" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;13. </b>Lastly, the fallback if none of the above cases match: append an -s, of
course.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-plural-append-s&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *               </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax">                </span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP14" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;14. Verb inflections.</b>"Le verbe est l'âme d'une langue" (attributed to Georges Duhamel). And the
care of the soul is, of course, complicated. For example, the source text can
say something like this:
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>The verb to flaunt means to wear.</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">This tells Inform that a new verb's infinitive is "flaunt", but not how
to construct its other parts. We will use Preform grammar not only to
define how to construct English verbs, but also in a way enabling it to
be used with other languages too.
</p>

<p class="commentary">Inform uses five different tenses (present, past, present perfect, past
perfect, and future), three persons, two numbers, two senses (true
and false), and two voices (active and passive); in addition, it keeps
track of the infinitive, past participle and present participle of a verb.
Altogether that makes 123 potentially different versions of the original
text. But of course there's a great deal of duplication in this, and
almost all of the versions can be made using a much smaller number of
genuinely different inflected versions of the word.
</p>

<p class="commentary">Our general strategy works like this:
</p>

<ul class="items"><li>(a) Identify one or more verbs as being too irregular to fit into any
pattern, and handle those as special cases.
</li><li>(b) For all other verbs, identify a set of inflected forms which covers all
of the possibilities we need to make, and write a trie to handle each one.
</li><li>(c) Try to use a single conjugation to show how these forms are used, that
is, how the different word forms map onto the possible tenses, persons,
numbers, and so on.
</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP15" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;15. </b>This gives us a certain amount of choice. What exactly is "too irregular"?
In French, are all -er, -ir, and -re verbs "regular"? (Consider "aller",
for example.) In English, it's possible to say that there are seven or so
classes of verbs, all regular by their own standards; but most people say
there's just one class of verb, and then irregular exceptions.
</p>

<p class="commentary">Our approach will follow Greenbaum, "Oxford English Grammar", at 4.14.
Like Greenbaum, we will use the term "form type" for the different possible
inflected versions of a verb word. The verb "to be" has eight form
types (be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being), but it's unique in that
respect &mdash; so this is one we will consider to be "too irregular", and will
handle as a special case.
</p>

<p class="commentary">All other English verbs have five form types, though in many cases two or more
of these have the same spelling. These we will number as follows, for reasons
which will become clear below:
</p>

<ul class="items"><li>(1) Infinitive: flaunt.
</li><li>(2) Present participle: flaunting.
</li><li>(3) Past participle: flaunted.
</li><li>(5) Third person singular present (or just "present"): flaunts.
</li><li>(6) Third person singular past (or just "past"): flaunted.
</li></ul>
<p class="commentary">In regular verbs the past and past participle are the same, as they are here:
he flaunted (past); he had flaunted (past participle). But English has around
600 commonly occurring irregular verbs in which they are different, sometimes
unpredictably so: he went (past); he had gone (past participle). Irregularity
sometimes makes these forms coincide rather than making them different: for
example, to set has just three distinct forms &mdash; to set, he sets, he set, he
had set, setting.
</p>

<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP16" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;16. </b>Form types are numbered from 0 up to, potentially, a constant
called <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">MAX_FORM_TYPES</span></span>. (This is so large that there shouldn't ever be need
for more.) Form type 0 is always the original text, and is used as the basis
from which the others are generated. For English verbs Inform always sets form
type 0 to the infinitive, but this needn't be true if it's more natural in
other languages to do something else.
</p>

<p class="commentary">We then reserve form types 1 to 3 for infinitive, present participle, and past
participle, respectively, and this is required to be the case in all
languages. Form type 4 is reserved for the "adjoint infinitive": if we
are given the English base text "be able to see", for example, this will
be recognised (see below) as "be able to" plus "see", and "see" will
be the "adjoint infinitive". For most verbs, we won't use it.
</p>

<p class="commentary">That means that form types 5 and upward are free to be used as needed by
each language. English needs two: the present (5) and past (6) forms.
</p>

<pre class="definitions code-font"><span class="definition-keyword">define</span> <span class="constant-syntax">BASE_FORM_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span>
<span class="definition-keyword">define</span> <span class="constant-syntax">INFINITIVE_FORM_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span>
<span class="definition-keyword">define</span> <span class="constant-syntax">PRESENT_PARTICIPLE_FORM_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span>
<span class="definition-keyword">define</span> <span class="constant-syntax">PAST_PARTICIPLE_FORM_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span>
<span class="definition-keyword">define</span> <span class="constant-syntax">ADJOINT_INFINITIVE_FORM_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span>
<span class="definition-keyword">define</span> <span class="constant-syntax">MAX_FORM_TYPES</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">123</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP17" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;17. </b>We're now ready to write the <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">&lt;verb-conjugation-instructions&gt;</span></span>. This is
a block which looks at the infinitive of the verb and decides which of
several conjugations should be used. Badly irregular verbs get
conjugations of their own, and others are grouped together. In French,
for example, we might use this block of instructions to divide into different
cases for -er, -ir, and -re verbs.
</p>

<p class="commentary">Each row takes the form of a pattern of words to match, followed by a
nonterminal giving the conjugation to use if a match is made. Matches
are literal except:
</p>

<ul class="items"><li>(a) The tail <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">...</span></span> means any string of one or more words, but can only be used
as the tail. Any text matching it is written into the adjoint infinitive.
So <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">be able to ...</span></span> matches "be able to touch" and sets the adjoint
infinitive to "touch".
</li><li>(b) A pattern written in the form <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">-xyz</span></span> matches the tail of a verb. This
isn't useful for English, but in French it neatly spots classes of verbs:
for example, <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">-er</span></span> detects first-conjugation verbs such as "donner".
</li></ul>
<p class="commentary">Note that we have to make sure every possible infinitive text matches at
least one line, and the best way to ensure that is to finish up with <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">...</span></span>
as the last pattern &mdash; this matches anything.
</p>

<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP18" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;18. </b>The instructions for English are quite concise, except for the presence
of the awkward contracted informal forms of verbs. (These aren't used in
Inform assertion sentences, but are needed for text substitutions.)
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;verb-conjugation-instructions&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">able</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ...  </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-able-to-auxiliary&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">able</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-able-to-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">could</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;modal-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">may</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;modal-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">might</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;modal-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">must</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;modal-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">should</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;modal-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">would</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;modal-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">auxiliary</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-have-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-do-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="character-syntax">'re             &lt;contracted-to-be-conjugation&gt; |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    '</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ve</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-have-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aren</span><span class="character-syntax">'t          &lt;arent-conjugation&gt; |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    can'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;cant-modal-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">don</span><span class="character-syntax">'t           &lt;informal-negated-modal-conjugation&gt; |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    haven'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;informal-negated-modal-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mayn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t          &lt;informal-negated-modal-conjugation&gt; |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    mightn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;informal-negated-modal-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mustn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t         &lt;informal-negated-modal-conjugation&gt; |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    wouldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;informal-negated-modal-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">couldn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t        &lt;informal-negated-modal-conjugation&gt; |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    shouldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;informal-negated-modal-conjugation&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">won</span><span class="character-syntax">'t           &lt;informal-negated-modal-conjugation&gt; |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    ...             &lt;regular-verb-conjugation&gt;</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP19" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;19. </b>We will start with two auxiliary verbs, that is, verbs used to construct
forms of other verbs. The first is "to have"; as we'll see, English uses
this to construct perfect tenses:
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>Peter has opened the gate. Jane had closed it.</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">"To have" doesn't really mean that anybody possessed anything here, except
perhaps a history. It's simply used in conjunction with the past participle
("opened" and "closed") to form a tense. Verbs like this are called
"auxiliary".
</p>

<p class="commentary">But it's not actually true, despite what concise grammars say, that English
uses "to have" here; it uses a slight variation which differs in the negated
forms. We write
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>I have not taken the lantern.</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">rather than
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>I do not have taken the lantern.</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">which strictly speaking ought to be correct. Inform handles this by using a
modified form of "to have", which we'll call "to auxiliary-have", which
differs only in its negative forms. We're only going to give this present
and past tenses since it's never needed except as an auxiliary.
</p>

<p class="commentary">Anyway, this is an example of a "conjugation". The purpose of this is to
set a few special verb forms &mdash; such as the present and past participles &mdash;
and then give a recipe to make all of the many forms which the verb can
take within sentences. The verb forms are numbered &mdash; see above &mdash; and
the recipe is called a "tabulation". We'll specify the format for this
below, when we get to a more complicated example, but briefly: this one
sets the present participle (2) to "having", the past participle (3) to
"had", and then names <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">&lt;to-have-tabulation&gt;</span></span> as the tabulation. The
text doesn't have to be a single word, and some ingenious tricks are
possible to form it from other verb forms; see below.
</p>

<p class="commentary">The marker <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">&lt;auxiliary-verb-only&gt;</span></span> means that this form of "have" can
only be accessed from other verb conjugations, not via a text substitution
for "[have]".
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-have-conjugation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">having</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">had</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;auxiliary-verb-only&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;not-instance-of-verb-at-run-time&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-have-tabulation&gt;</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP20" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;20. </b>Tabulations give instructions for how to construct 120 possible versions
of the verb. These are divided up first into active and passive "voices":
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>Peter carries the lantern. [Active.]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>The lantern is carried by Peter. [Passive.]</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">This makes two sets of 60. Each set contains five tenses, which in English
are present (1), past (2), perfect (3), past perfect (4) and future (5).
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>Peter carries the lantern. [1]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>Peter carried the lantern. [2]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>Peter has carried the lantern. [3]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>Peter had carried the lantern. [4]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>Peter will carry the lantern. [5]</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">This makes five sets of 12. In each set there are six persons: first person
singular, second person singular, third person singular, first person plural,
second person plural, third person plural. We always write them in that order:
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>I carry the lantern. [1PS]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>You carry the lantern. [2PS]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>He carries the lantern. [3PS]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>We carry the lantern. [1PP]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>You [more than one person] carry the lantern. [2PP]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>They carry the lantern. [3PP]</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">And that makes six sets of 2: the positive sense and the negative.
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>I carry the lantern. [Positive.]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>I do not carry the lantern. [Negative]</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">To sum up, two voices times five tenses times six persons times two senses,
which makes 120 versions in all.
</p>

<p class="commentary">A tabulation is best thought of as a short program to make these. Inform starts
out with all 120 versions blank, and each tabulation step sets one or more
versions. It's perfectly legal for later steps to override earlier ones;
and it's legal to leave some versions unset, marking them not to be used.
(We're going to ignore all of the passives and three of the active tenses,
so we're only going to set 48 versions, in the case of auxiliary-to-have.)
</p>

<p class="commentary">Each step consists of a selector, followed by a text. The selector simply
chooses which of the 120 forms to set. The selector always begins with "a"
or "p", meaning active or passive; it can then optionally give a digit from
1 to 5, narrowing down to a given tense; and it can optionally give a plus or
minus sign, narrowing down to positive or negative senses. In the following,
for example, <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">a2+</span></span> means active voice (a), past tense (2), positive (<span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">+</span></span>).
This nails down the selection to just 6 versions of the verb.
</p>

<p class="commentary">The text is used literally, except for the following:
</p>

<ul class="items"><li>(a) The numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., expand into the verb forms with those numbers.
For example, 2 expands into the present participle for the verb. If the
number is followed by an open bracket, then an infinitive, then a close
bracket, then it expands to the verb form for that verb. For example, the
following expands to "sought":
</li></ul>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">seek</span><span class="plain-syntax"> )</span>
</pre>
<ul class="items"><li>(b) Text in the form <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">1+xyz</span></span> expands into verb form 1 but with the letters
"xyz" added. For example, <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">1+ed</span></span> for the verb "to mark" would expand to
"marked", since 1 is the infinitive form. This feature is much more useful
in heavily inflected languages like French.
</li><li>(c) If a bracket, an infinitive, then a close bracket, is given, it expands
to the corresponding version of that verb. For example, the step
<span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">a1+ ( grab ) back</span></span> sets the positive present-tense versions of a verb to
"I grab back", "you grab back", "he grabs back", and so on. Note that
the matching persons are used, i.e., if we're expanding this to make the
first person singular, we use the first person singular of the verb we're
borrowing. Finally, we can change the tense by placing a tense marker inside
the open brackets: <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">a3+ ( t1 have ) grabbed</span></span> sets the perfects to "I have
grabbed", "you have grabbed", and so on &mdash; without the tense marker it
would have been "I have have had grabbed", because "have" would expand
to its perfect tense and not its present tense. The <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">t1</span></span> means present tense;
<span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">t2</span></span> means past tense, and so on.
</li><li>(d) If a nonterminal name is given, then it will be set of six texts; these
are used for the six persons.
</li></ul>
<p class="commentary">A simple example, then, which uses only feature (d) of these exotica:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-have-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-have-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">-        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-have-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">had</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">-        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">had</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP21" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;21. </b>And this is an example of splitting into cases for the six persons,
1PS, 2PS, 3PS, 1PP, 2PP, 3PP. I have, you have, he has, we have, you have,
they have. (This is more excitingly varied in other languages, of course.)
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-have-present&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">has</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP22" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;22. </b>Next we have "to do", which is like "to have" in being fairly regular,
as irregular verbs go. But we treat this as a special case because, again,
we're going to need as an auxiliary verb when forming negatives ("Peter
does not wear the hat" &mdash; note the "does not"). But this time we give
the full treatment, creating all 60 active forms.
</p>

<p class="commentary">For the passive, though, we do something new. The selector <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">p*</span></span> is actually
a way to set all 60 passive forms (which would normally be written <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">p</span></span>), but
it tells Inform to use "to be" as an auxiliary. When we write the <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">p*</span></span>
step:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">p</span><span class="plain-syntax">*     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">done</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">by</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary">the effect is the same as writing:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">p</span><span class="plain-syntax">      ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">done</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">by</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary">The difference is that Inform more efficiently implements the <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">p*</span></span> version,
by implementing "done by" as if it were a preposition rather than as part
of a verb. This parses more quickly and makes English passive forms play
more nicely with implied uses of "to be". For example, in
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>number of things carried by the player (1)</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">Inform has to infer the meaning
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>number of things which are carried by the player (2)</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">and it can only do this if it recognises "carried by" as being prepositional
in nature, like "on" or "in". In other words, if we wrote the <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">p</span></span> step
above instead of the <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">p*</span></span> step, (2) would still work but (1) would not. (We
may have to revisit this for languages other than English.)
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-do-conjugation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">doing</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">done</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-do-tabulation&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-do-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-do-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-do-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">did</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">did</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a3</span><span class="plain-syntax">        ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">auxiliary</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">done</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a4</span><span class="plain-syntax">        ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">auxiliary</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">done</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">will</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">will</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">p</span><span class="plain-syntax">*        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">done</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">by</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-do-present&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">does</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP23" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;23. </b>Regular English verbs, then, look like so. We will, for the first time,
make heavy use of our numbered verb forms: for example, for the verb
"to take", they would be "take" (1), "taking" (2), "taken" (3),
"takes" (5) and "took" (6). We start with the infinitive ("take")
in verb form 1, but (2), (3), (5) and (6) are initially blank &mdash; we have
to make them somehow.
</p>

<p class="commentary">We do this by giving their definitions not as fixed wording, as we did
for the verbs above, but as tries which act on the infinitive to produce
a wording. For example, <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">&lt;en-trie-present-participle&gt;</span></span> is a trie which
performs:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">take</span><span class="plain-syntax"> --&gt; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">taking</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary">We will have to define these tries below. Note that the infinitive can consist
of multiple words; if so, the first word is run through the tries, and the
remaining words are left alone. For example, "grab onto" would be inflected
to "grabs onto", "grabbing onto" and so on.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;regular-verb-conjugation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-present-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-past-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">5</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-present-verb-form&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">6</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-past&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;regular-verb-tabulation&gt;</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP24" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;24. </b>Here we see our auxiliary verbs in use. For the negated present tense,
"Peter does not carry the ball"; for the negated past tense, "Peter did
not carry the ball" &mdash; in both cases, this is "to do" plus the infinitive
"take". For the perfect tenses, "to have" plus the past participle &mdash;
"Peter has carried the ball", "Peter had carried the ball". For the
future tense, "will" plus the infinitive &mdash; "Peter will carry the ball".
(We're actually not going to implement this as a verb because all its
forms are just "will", and because "to will" also means "to leave
a bequest".)
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;regular-verb-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;regular-verb-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       ( </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="constant-syntax">6</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       ( </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a3</span><span class="plain-syntax">        ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">auxiliary</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a4</span><span class="plain-syntax">        ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">auxiliary</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">will</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">will</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">p</span><span class="plain-syntax">*        </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">by</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP25" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;25. </b>This looks odd, but what it says is that the present tense of a regular
English verb is always the infinitive (I take, you take, we take, and so on)
except for third person singular (he takes), which is different. (It's usually
what the plural of the infinitive would be if the infinitive were a noun,
as we'll see.)
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;regular-verb-present&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">5</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP26" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;26. </b>Now for our most irregular verb: "to be".
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-conjugation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">being</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-tabulation&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-past&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-past&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a3</span><span class="plain-syntax">        ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">auxiliary</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a4</span><span class="plain-syntax">        ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">auxiliary</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">will</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">will</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-present&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">am</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">are</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">is</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">are</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">are</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">are</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-past&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">was</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">were</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">was</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">were</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">were</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">were</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP27" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;27. </b>Except for tense formation (Peter "will" take the ball), the most common
modal verb which can be used in Inform source text is "can". For example:
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>the number of people who can see the King</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">This is modal because it makes the seeing only a possibility, not an actuality.
An awkward thing about modal verbs in English is that they are deficient,
that is, not all their forms even exist. "Can" has no infinitive. ("To can"
means to put food into a sealed metal container, which isn't the same thing
at all.) "Can" also has no perfect or future tenses. On the other hand, it
does have inflected present and past tenses, and we need to implement that.
So we will invent the infinitive form "be able to", and make the verb from
that, but using "can" and "could" instead of "is able to" and "was able
to". "Can" is rather irregular as a verb: the third person singular doesn't
inflect ("he can", not "he cans"), and the negative is written "cannot"
instead of "can not", presumably because we find the two "n"s awkward
to elide, so we always pronounce it that way and the spelling now follows.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-able-to-conjugation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-present-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-past-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-able-to-tabulation&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-able-to-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">can</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cannot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">could</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">could</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a3</span><span class="plain-syntax">        ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">auxiliary</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">able</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a4</span><span class="plain-syntax">        ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">auxiliary</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">able</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">will</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">able</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">will</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">able</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP28" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;28. </b>Inform has only a simple understanding of what "can" means, so it doesn't
allow the source text to use "can" in combination with arbitrary verbs.
Instead, each legal combination has to be declared explicitly:
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>To be able to reach is a verb meaning ...</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">Inform implements all of this by passing "be able to reach" through the
same verb-conjugation mechanisms as all other verbs ("take", "see", and
so on). But at least the conjugation used is now simple. Recall that when
the instructions grammar, right back at the start of this discussion of
verbs, chooses which conjugation to use, it converts the text matching
the wild-card <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">...</span></span> into the "adjoint infinitive" form (4). We get to
this conjugation by matching
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">able</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ...</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary">so, for example, "be able to reach" results in 4 being set to "reach".
</p>

<p class="commentary">Note also the construction <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">3 ( 4 )</span></span> in the passive. The 3 means "take the
past participle of the verb in brackets", and the 4 means that the text of
this verb's infinitive is the contents of verb form 4. So, for example,
for "be able to reach", <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">3 ( 4 )</span></span> expands to <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">3 ( reach )</span></span> which expands
to "reached", and we get passive forms like "Peter can be reached by
Jane".
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-able-to-auxiliary&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-present-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-past-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-able-to-auxiliary-tabulation&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;to-be-able-to-auxiliary-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax">        ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">able</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">p</span><span class="plain-syntax">        ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">able</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ( </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">by</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP29" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;29. </b>The following handles the other English modal verbs ("might", "should"
and so on) surprisingly easily. The notation <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">++1</span></span> means that the verb
being modified should appear in verb form 1, and so on: for example,
"might not lead" as "might not" plus form 1 of "to lead", i.e., "lead".
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;modal-conjugation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-present-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-past-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;modal-tabulation&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;modal-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++2 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++2 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a3</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++2 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a3</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++2 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a4</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++2 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a4</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++2 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">+       </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">-       </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP30" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;30. </b>That completes our basic kit of verbs nicely. What's left is used only
for generating text at run-time &mdash; for printing adaptive messages, that is;
none of these oddball exceptional cases is otherwise used as a verb in
Inform source text. None of them has any meaning to Inform.
</p>

<p class="commentary">Inform could fairly easily support the contractions "isn't", "aren't",
"wasn't", "can't" and so on, but we've chosen not to do so. They save
very little typing, and they greatly change the aesthetic style of Inform
source text without changing its functionality. (If we allowed them, some
authors would use them all the time, and other authors never, but others
still would mix them incoherently.)
</p>

<p class="commentary">But we still want people to be able to write adaptive text which uses
these contracted forms: otherwise, how could we write classic messages
like
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>You can't go that way.</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">and have them adapt to other tenses and viewpoints?
</p>

<p class="commentary">First we'll tackle "to 's", the contracted form of "to be": I'm, you're,
and so on. Exactly how these contractions are used in different tenses is
something that varies with different dialects of English &mdash; for example,
"you'll not take the ball" is now a little obsolete except in rural
dialects &mdash; and we aren't even going to try to cope with that.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-be-conjugation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">being</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;not-instance-of-verb-at-run-time&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-be-tabulation&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-be-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-be-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">-        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-be-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-be-past&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">-        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-be-past-negated&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a3</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-have-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a3</span><span class="plain-syntax">-        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-have-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a4</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="character-syntax">'d been |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    a4-        '</span><span class="identifier-syntax">d</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="character-syntax">'ll be |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    a5-        '</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ll</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-be-present&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="character-syntax">'m | '</span><span class="identifier-syntax">re</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="character-syntax">'s | '</span><span class="identifier-syntax">re</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="character-syntax">'re | '</span><span class="identifier-syntax">re</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-be-past&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">was</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">were</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">was</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">were</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">were</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">were</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-be-past-negated&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wasn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t | weren'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wasn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t | weren'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weren</span><span class="character-syntax">'t | weren'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP31" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;31. </b>And now "to 've", the contracted form of "to have". A subtle dialect
point here concerns the negated present tense:
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>Sorry, I don't have a clue. [US]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>Sorry, I haven't got a clue. [British]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>Sorry, I haven't a clue. [British, but antiquated]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>Sorry, I didn't have a clue. [US or British]</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
    <p>Sorry, I hadn't got a clue. [British]</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">But the American forms are becoming more common in British English, so we'll
go with those.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-have-conjugation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">having</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">had</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;not-instance-of-verb-at-run-time&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-have-tabulation&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-have-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-have-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">-        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-have-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">had</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">-        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hadn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    a3+        &lt;contracted-to-have-present&gt; had |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    a3-        &lt;contracted-to-have-present&gt; not had |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    a4+        '</span><span class="identifier-syntax">d</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">had</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a4</span><span class="plain-syntax">-        </span><span class="character-syntax">'d not had |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    a5+        '</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ll</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">-        </span><span class="character-syntax">'ll not have</span>

<span class="character-syntax">&lt;contracted-to-have-present&gt;</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    '</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ve</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="character-syntax">'ve | '</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="character-syntax">'ve | '</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ve</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="character-syntax">'ve</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP32" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;32. </b>Now we come to "aren't", a negated form of "to be", but where the
contraction occurs between the verb and the "not" rather than between
the subject and the verb.
</p>

<p class="commentary">Again, Inform doesn't know or care what this means. We're simply going to teach
it to conjugate it as if it were a verb in its own right. So "to aren't" will be
conjugated "I am not", "you aren't", "he isn't", and so on. (We don't
say "I amn't", possibly because the "mn" is too awkward, but possibly
also because we'd more likely say "I'm not". Because this would make the
spacing awkwardly difficult &mdash; we would need to backspace &mdash; we won't take
that option here.)
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;arent-conjugation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-present-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-past-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;not-instance-of-verb-at-run-time&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;arent-tabulation&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;arent-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;arent-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;arent-past&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a3</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;arent-perfect&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a4</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hadn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t been |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    a5+        won'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;arent-present&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">am</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">not</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aren</span><span class="character-syntax">'t | isn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aren</span><span class="character-syntax">'t | aren'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aren</span><span class="character-syntax">'t</span>

<span class="character-syntax">&lt;arent-past&gt;</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    wasn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weren</span><span class="character-syntax">'t | wasn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weren</span><span class="character-syntax">'t | weren'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weren</span><span class="character-syntax">'t</span>

<span class="character-syntax">&lt;arent-perfect&gt;</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    haven'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">haven</span><span class="character-syntax">'t been | hasn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">haven</span><span class="character-syntax">'t been | haven'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">haven</span><span class="character-syntax">'t been</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP33" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;33. </b>And finally: the contracted informal negatives of various modal verbs which
it's useful to be able to print, like the "can't" in
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>You can't go that way.</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">English has more modal verbs than one tends to remember, and the definition
of "modal" itself arguable. This is the best we can do.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;informal-negated-modal-conjugation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-present-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-past-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">5</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-modal-contracted-past&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">6</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-modal-contracted-future&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">7</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-modal-contracted-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;not-instance-of-verb-at-run-time&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;informal-negated-modal-tabulation&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;informal-negated-modal-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;informal-negated-modal-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a2</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="constant-syntax">5</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++2 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a3</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="constant-syntax">5</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++2 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a4</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="constant-syntax">5</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++2 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="constant-syntax">6</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;informal-negated-modal-present&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">7</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP34" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;34. </b>Together with special rules for can't, which is inevitably slightly different:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;cant-modal-conjugation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-present-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-past-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;not-instance-of-verb-at-run-time&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;cant-modal-tabulation&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;cant-modal-tabulation&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a1</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">can</span><span class="character-syntax">'t ++1 |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    a2+        couldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a3</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        ( </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">haven</span><span class="character-syntax">'t ) been able to ++1 |</span>
<span class="character-syntax">    a4+        ( t2 haven'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">able</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ++1 |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a5</span><span class="plain-syntax">+        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">won</span><span class="character-syntax">'t be able to ++1</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP35" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;35. </b>We have special tries just to list the forms of the cases we will
deal with. Tries can do fancy things (see below), but here they act just as
a look-up table: for example, "won't" has present "won't", past
"wouldn't" and future "won't".
</p>

<p class="commentary">Note that results of tries normally have to be single words; but that plus
signs can be used if we absolutely have to introduce spaces.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-modal-contracted-present&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">can</span><span class="character-syntax">'t       can'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">don</span><span class="character-syntax">'t       doesn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">haven</span><span class="character-syntax">'t     hasn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">won</span><span class="character-syntax">'t       won'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mayn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t      mayn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mightn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t    mightn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mustn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t     mustn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wouldn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t    wouldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">couldn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t    couldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shouldn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t   shouldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-modal-contracted-past&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">can</span><span class="character-syntax">'t       couldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">don</span><span class="character-syntax">'t       didn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">haven</span><span class="character-syntax">'t     hadn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">won</span><span class="character-syntax">'t       wouldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mayn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t      mayn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mightn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t    mightn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mustn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t     mustn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wouldn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t    wouldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">couldn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t    couldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shouldn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t   shouldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-modal-contracted-future&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">can</span><span class="character-syntax">'t       won'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">able</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">to</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">don</span><span class="character-syntax">'t       won'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">haven</span><span class="character-syntax">'t     won'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">won</span><span class="character-syntax">'t       won'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mayn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t      mayn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mightn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t    mightn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mustn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t     mustn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wouldn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t    wouldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">couldn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t    couldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shouldn</span><span class="character-syntax">'t   shouldn'</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP36" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;36. </b>That's the end of the conjugations &mdash; the easy part, it turns out. We now
need to create the four tries to make verb forms out of the infinitive:
the present participle, the past participle, the third-person singular
present tense, and the past tense.
</p>

<p class="commentary">We'll start with the present participle. This is actually quite hard,
because in some cases it depends on pronunciation rather than spelling.
Greenbaum's "Oxford English Grammar" summarises the general rules at
4.16, as follows:
</p>

<ul class="items"><li>(a) If the base ends in -e but not -ee, -oe or -ye, drop the final -e before
adding -ing: thus drive to driving, but see to seeing, dye to dyeing, and so on.
</li><li>(b) If the base ends in -ie, as well as dropping the -e, also change the -i
to -y: thus die to dying, untie to untying.
</li><li>(c) If the base ends in a stressed syllable whose spelling ends with a single
vowel and then a single consonant, then double the consonant before adding -ing.
Thus tip to tipping (not tiping), but break to breaking (not breakking).
</li><li>(d) If the base ends in a vowel and then -c, add -king. This is not quite the
same as consonant doubling and doesn't depend on the stress; thus mimic to
mimicking, picnic to picnicking.
</li></ul>
<p class="commentary">These are fairly clear-cut rules, though English doesn't enforce them in all
cases, so that most dictionaries let you say either focusing or focussing, for
example, and either gluing or glueing (note that rule (a) drops the -e from
-ue endings, but it's not at all clear why this case should be different,
which may be why people are doubtful here); and in America participles like
traveling or programing or worshiping are allowed by some people (with -l, -m,
-me, -p endings), but they aren't universal. Inform will stick to traditional
English as described above.
</p>

<p class="commentary">The tricky thing is that (c) is really a phonetic rule, not a spelling rule.
For example, we need to count a final -y and -w as vowels, not consonants,
because that's what they sound like. But at least that can be read from the
spelling, whereas the presence or absence of stress can't. An English word
generally stresses just one syllable, and always stresses at least one, so
a monosyllabic word is always stressed. With a polysyllabic word, there's
no easy way to tell. Consider deter to deterring (stress on second syllable
of deter), but meter to metering (stress on first syllable of meter).
</p>

<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP37" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;37. </b>The following algorithm is due to Toby Nelson, who produced it from a
dictionary of 14,689 English verbs, some of them quite obscure (to torpefy,
anyone? to spuilzie? to cachinnate?). It's essentially a more detailed
version of Greenbaum's rules above.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-present-participle&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-present-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-compound-present-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-a-present-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-b-present-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-c-present-participle&gt;</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP38" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;38. </b>First of all there are some irregular cases &mdash; some for the usual suspects,
but others for oddball verbs where English breaks the normal phonetic rules
for the sake of clarity. For example, the participle of "singe" ought to
be "singing", but in fact we write "singeing", purely to make it different
from the act of producing a song.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-present-participle&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">boob</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">had</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ding</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quad</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ding</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quod</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ding</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">squid</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ding</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">whid</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ding</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ballad</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">salad</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">invalid</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ref</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">fing</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stravaig</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">scoog</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">scoug</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yak</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">king</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yok</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">king</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lek</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">king</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">trek</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">king</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spaniel</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ling</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vermeil</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ling</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">madam</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">buckram</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hem</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ming</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">emblem</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">item</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slalom</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alarum</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">possum</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chalan</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">challan</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tyran</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">den</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hen</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ken</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misken</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pen</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unpen</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sten</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gin</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">begin</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bin</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sin</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">damaskin</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">trampolin</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chagrin</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">satin</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">on</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">con</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">don</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kon</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fillip</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">turnip</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sip</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cop</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lop</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clop</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">flop</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">plop</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slop</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">galop</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cup</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gar</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mortar</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sker</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">deter</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">disinter</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reinter</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aver</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">abhor</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vor</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">demur</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fur</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">smur</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">caucus</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sus</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sing</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">combat</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ballat</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">curat</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quadrat</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bet</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">abet</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fet</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fidget</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">target</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">crochet</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">epithet</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ratchet</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">let</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">blet</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">leaflet</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">relet</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sublet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underlet</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">net</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">benet</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overnet</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pet</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spet</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ret</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aret</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fret</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">regret</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">basset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">closet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">corset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cosset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gusset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">posset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">roset</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">russet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">briquet</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">coquet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">duet</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">parquet</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">covet</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unrivet</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">velvet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">discomfit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">profit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">limit</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">delimit</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vomit</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rit</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">frit</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">grit</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bit</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dit</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kit</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sit</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">besit</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resit</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">picot</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ballot</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pilot</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">parrot</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">debut</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">brut</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">div</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ante</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   | </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">binge</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">birdie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">centre</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chasse</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cicerone</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dele</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ensilage</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">facsimile</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">glace</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">jeelie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">longe</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lunge</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ouglie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">peenge</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pie</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quaere</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">queue</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">recce</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">route</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reroute</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">restringe</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">saute</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">eing</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">schappe</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">segue</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">singe</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sortie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stymie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">winge</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swinge</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tinge</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbe</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vise</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vogue</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">whinge</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aleye</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   | </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">baye</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">herye</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nye</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rallye</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reaedifye</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stye</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undersaye</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP39" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;39. </b>Now some exceptional forms where consonant doubling doesn't occur:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-compound-present-participle&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;gosyz&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ie</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ae</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">quit</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">uret</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">budget</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">efer</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nfer</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sfer</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">bias</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sing</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">bishop</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">woman</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">jambok</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">king</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">alog</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">daub</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP40" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;40. </b>And now rules for consonant doubling:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-a-present-participle&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;aeiouy&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">b</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0b</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dglmpw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ad</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bhlnrtw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bklr&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">id</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;cdghlnprst&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">od</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bchmprtw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ud</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">uf</span><span class="plain-syntax">                    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">fing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;aeiouy&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">g</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ging</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcdhiklmnprstuv&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">al</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ling</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcdfghkmnprstuvwz&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">el</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ling</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;cfmnrtv&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">il</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ling</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcrtv&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ol</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ling</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;cn&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ul</span><span class="plain-syntax">                </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ling</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcdghjlprw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">am</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ming</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;glt&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">em</span><span class="plain-syntax">               </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ming</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dhklnrw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">im</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ming</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lom</span><span class="plain-syntax">                   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ming</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcghlmrstv&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">um</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ming</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcflmptvw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;ry&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">en</span><span class="plain-syntax">                </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dhklprtw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;fw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">on</span><span class="plain-syntax">                </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dfghprst&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">un</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ning</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;cdghjlmnprstwyz&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ap</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;klprt&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ep</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dhklnprtuyz&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ip</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bdhmprstuw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">op</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dhpst&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">yp</span><span class="plain-syntax">                    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ping</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcfhjmnptw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ar</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;fhmst&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ir</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">dor</span><span class="plain-syntax">                   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bclp&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ur</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bgmpv&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">as</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;mnrsu&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;hmpw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">is</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcds&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">os</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bclm&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">us</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcfhlmprtuvw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">at</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;ghjstvw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">et</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;fhlmnptw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">it</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcdhjlnprstw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ot</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcghjlmnprt&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ut</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;ei&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">v</span><span class="plain-syntax">                 </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ving</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iz</span><span class="plain-syntax">                    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">zing</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP41" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;41. </b>Finally:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-b-present-participle&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;aeiou&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">king</span><span class="plain-syntax">      |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;eoy&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">e</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ie</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ying</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-c-present-participle&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">e</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *            </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP42" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;42. </b>Next the past participle. As noted above, for most verbs this is the same
as the past (e.g., he agreed and it was agreed); but there's a list of
exceptions for Anglo-Saxon survivals (e.g., he chose and it was chosen).
The exceptional cases were derived from Wikipedia's catalogue of irregular
English verbs as it stood in May 2011, with a few archaisms and obscenities
removed.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-past-participle&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-past-participle&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-past&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-past-participle&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">been</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">had</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">did</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arise</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arisen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">awake</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">awoken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bear</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">borne</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beat</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beaten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">become</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">become</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">befall</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">befallen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beget</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">begotten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">begin</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">begun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bespeak</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bespoken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bite</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bitten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">blow</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">blown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">broken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">browbeat</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">browbeaten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">choose</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chosen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cleave</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cloven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">come</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">come</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dive</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dived</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">draw</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drink</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drive</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">driven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">eat</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">eaten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fall</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fallen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fly</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">flown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forbear</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forborne</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forbid</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forbidden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forego</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foregone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreknow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreknown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forelie</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forlain</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forerun</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forerun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foresee</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreseen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forget</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgotten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgive</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgiven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgo</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forsake</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forsaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forswear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forsworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">freeze</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">frozen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ghostwrite</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ghostwritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">give</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">given</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">go</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">grow</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">grown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hew</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hewn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hide</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hidden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interweave</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interwoven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">know</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">known</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lade</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">laden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misbecome</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misbecome</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misbeget</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misbegotten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mischoose</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mischosen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misdo</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misdone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misget</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misgotten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misgive</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misgiven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misknow</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misknown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misshape</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misshapen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspeak</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspoken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mistake</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mistaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miswrite</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miswritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mow</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdo</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outgrow</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outgrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outgrow</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outgrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outrun</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outrun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outshine</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outshone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outswear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthrow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overborne</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overblow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overblown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overclothe</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overclad</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcome</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcome</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdo</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdraw</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrink</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrive</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdriven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overeat</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overeaten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overfly</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overflown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overgrow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overgrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlie</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlain</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">override</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overridden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overrun</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overrun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversee</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overseen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversew</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversewn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overshake</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overshaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstride</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstridden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overtake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overtaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwrite</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">partake</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">partaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">plead</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redo</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redraw</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redrawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">regrow</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">regrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rerun</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rerun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retake</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retread</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retrodden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewrite</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ride</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ridden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rise</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">risen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rive</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">riven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">run</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">run</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">saw</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">see</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">seen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sew</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sewn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shake</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shave</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shaven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shear</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shorn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shine</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shoe</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shodden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">show</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shrink</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shrunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shrive</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shriven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sink</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slay</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slain</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">smite</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">smitten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sow</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">speak</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spoken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spin</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spit</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spring</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sprung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">steal</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stolen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stink</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stride</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stridden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bestride</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bestridden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strike</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stricken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strive</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">striven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swear</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swell</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swollen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">take</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">taken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tear</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">torn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thrive</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thriven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">throw</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tread</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">trodden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbear</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underborne</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underdo</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underdone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underdraw</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underdrawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undergo</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undergone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undergrow</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undergrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underrun</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underrun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undertake</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undertaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underwrite</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underwritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undo</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wake</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">woken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wear</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">worn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weave</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">woven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withdraw</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withdrawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wring</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wrung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">write</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">written</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP43" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;43. </b>That's the mandatory participles sorted out; so now we move on to the two
additional verb forms used by English. First, the present form: a curiosity
of English is that this is almost always formed as if it were the plural of the
infinitive &mdash; thus "touch" becomes "touches". There are just a handful
of exceptions to this.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-present-verb-form&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-third-person-present&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;singular-noun-to-its-plural&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-third-person-present&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">is</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">has</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">does</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP44" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;44. </b>Second, the past. This is harder. Once again we have a catalogue of
Anglo-Saxon past forms (e.g., he chose, not he chooses); and after those
are out of the way, the rules are the same as for the present participle,
except for adding -ed instead of -ing. The tricky part, again, is spotting
when to double the consonant, which again depends on stress.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-past&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-past&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-compound-past&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-a-past&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-b-past&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-c-past&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-past&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">be</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">was</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">did</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">go</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">went</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">on</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bet</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">abet</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bid</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bin</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">buy</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">con</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cop</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cup</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cut</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">den</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dig</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dug</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">div</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">don</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">eat</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fitted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fly</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">flew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fur</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gar</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">get</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">got</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gin</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">had</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ded</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hem</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">med</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hen</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ken</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kon</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">laid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lek</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ked</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">let</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">let</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">let</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lop</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">net</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ante</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nye</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">paid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pen</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">penned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">put</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">put</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ref</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">fed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ret</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aret</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rid</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">run</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ran</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">say</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">said</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">see</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">saw</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">set</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">set</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sin</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sip</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sat</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sus</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aver</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vor</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wedded</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wetted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">win</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">won</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yak</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ked</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">yok</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ked</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">baye</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bear</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bore</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beat</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beat</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bend</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">abhor</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">abide</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">abided</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bide</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bided</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bind</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bite</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">blet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">blow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">blew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">boob</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">brut</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">burn</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">burnt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clop</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">come</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">came</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">deal</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dealt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dele</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dive</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dove</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drag</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dragged</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">draw</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">duet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fall</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fell</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">feed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">feel</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">felt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">find</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">found</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">flee</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">flop</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fret</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">frit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">give</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gave</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">grit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">grow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">grew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hang</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">have</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">had</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">heard</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hide</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hold</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">held</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hurt</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hurt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">item</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">keep</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">knit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">knit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">know</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">knew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lade</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">laded</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lead</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">led</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">aleye</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lose</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lost</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">make</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">made</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mean</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">meant</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">meet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">met</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">plop</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quad</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ded</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quod</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ded</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">read</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">read</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redo</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ride</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rode</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ring</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rang</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arise</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arose</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rise</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rose</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rive</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rove</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">seek</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sell</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">send</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shoe</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shoed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shut</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sing</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sang</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sink</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sank</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sker</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slip</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slipped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slop</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">smur</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spin</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">span</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spat</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sten</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stye</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swim</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swam</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">take</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">took</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tore</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tell</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">told</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">trek</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ked</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbe</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undo</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vise</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">awake</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">awoke</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">woke</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wore</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weep</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">whid</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ded</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wind</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beget</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">begot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">begin</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">began</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">benet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">besit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">binge</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bleed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">broke</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">breed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bred</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bring</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">brought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">build</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">built</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">burst</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">burst</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">catch</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">caught</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cling</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">covet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">creep</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">crept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">curat</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">debut</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">demur</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">deter</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drink</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drank</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drive</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drove</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fight</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fling</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">flung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgo</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forwent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">galop</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">glace</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">grind</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ground</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">herye</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hoise</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hoist</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inlay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inlaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">input</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">input</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kneel</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">knelt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alarum</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">leave</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">left</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">light</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">limit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">longe</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lunge</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">madam</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misdo</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misdid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdo</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">picot</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pilot</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">prove</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">proved</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">queue</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reave</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reft</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">recce</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">recut</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">recut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">relet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">repay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">repaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rerun</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reran</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">roset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">route</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">salad</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">satin</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">saute</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">scoog</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">scoug</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">segue</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shook</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shall</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">should</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shape</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shaped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shave</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shaved</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shine</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shined</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shoot</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">singe</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sleep</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slide</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sling</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slink</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">smite</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">smote</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">speak</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spoke</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">speed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spell</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spelt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">split</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">split</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">squid</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ded</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stand</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stood</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">steal</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stole</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stick</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stuck</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stink</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stank</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swore</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sweep</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swing</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">teach</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">taught</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">think</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">throw</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">threw</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tinge</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tread</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">trod</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tyran</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unpen</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">upset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">upset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vogue</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vomit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weave</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wove</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">winge</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">worth</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">worth</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wring</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wrang</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">write</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wrote</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ballad</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ballat</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ballot</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">basset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">become</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">became</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">befall</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">befell</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">behold</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beheld</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">birdie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">caucus</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">centre</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chalan</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chasse</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">choose</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chose</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cleave</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clove</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">closet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clothe</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clothed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">combat</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">coquet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">corset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cosset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">emblem</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fidget</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fillip</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forbid</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forbade</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forego</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forewent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forget</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">freeze</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">froze</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gusset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">jeelie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misfit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misfitted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misget</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misgot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mishit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mishit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misken</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mislay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mislaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">missay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">missaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mortar</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">naysay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">naysaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ouglie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outbid</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outbid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">output</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">output</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outrun</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outran</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsat</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdo</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">parrot</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">peenge</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">posset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">possum</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">prepay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">prepaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">preset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">preset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">profit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quaere</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rallye</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">recast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">recast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redraw</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redrew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">regret</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">regrow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">regrew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">re</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">re</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">laid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">remake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">remade</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reread</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resell</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resing</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resang</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retook</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retell</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewind</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">russet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shrink</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shrank</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shrive</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shrove</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slalom</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sortie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spread</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spring</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sprang</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stride</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strode</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strike</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">struck</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">string</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strive</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strove</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stymie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sublet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sublet</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sunset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sunset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swinge</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">target</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thrive</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">throve</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">turnip</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbind</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unhear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unheard</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unmake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unmade</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unwind</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unwound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">uphold</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">upheld</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">velvet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">waylay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">waylaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">whinge</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">writhe</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">writhed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beseech</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">besought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bespeak</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bespoke</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">briquet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">buckram</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chagrin</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">challan</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">crochet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">delimit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">epithet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forbear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forbore</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forelay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forelaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forelie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forlay</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forerun</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreran</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foresee</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foresaw</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgive</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgave</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forsake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forsook</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gainsay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gainsaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inbreed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inbred</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">invalid</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">leaflet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lipread</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lipread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miscast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miscast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misdeal</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misdealt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misfeed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misfed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misgive</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misgave</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mishear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misheard</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mishold</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misheld</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miskeep</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miskept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misknow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misknew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mislead</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misread</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">missend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">missent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mistake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mistook</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outgrow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outgrew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outride</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outrode</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsell</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outswim</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outswam</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outtell</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outtold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outwear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outwore</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbid</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbuy</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overeat</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overfly</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overflew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overhit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overhit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlay</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overnet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overpay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overpaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overrun</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overran</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversee</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversaw</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overset</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">parquet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">partake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">partook</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">podcast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">podcast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">precast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">precast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quadrat</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ratchet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rebuild</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rebuilt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reinter</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reroute</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reshoot</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reshot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rethink</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rethought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retread</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retrod</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewrite</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewrote</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">schappe</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spaniel</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">led</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underdo</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underdid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undergo</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underwent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unrivet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vermeil</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">led</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">webcast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">webcast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">backbite</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">backbit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bespread</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bespread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bestride</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bestrode</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">browbeat</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">browbeat</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cicerone</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">crosscut</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">crosscut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">damaskin</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">disinter</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ensilage</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forecast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forecast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreknow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreknew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foretell</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foretold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forswear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forswore</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">intercut</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">intercut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misbeget</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misbegot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misshape</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misshaped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misshoot</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misshot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspeak</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspoke</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspell</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspelt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miswrite</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miswrote</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdrink</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdrunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outfight</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outfought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outshine</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outshone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outspend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outspent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outswear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outswore</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthink</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthrow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthrew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbore</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overblow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overblew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcome</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcame</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdraw</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overfeed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overfed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overgrow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overgrew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overhang</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overhung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overhear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overheard</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">override</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overrode</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversell</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overslip</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overslipped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overtake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overtook</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwore</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sightsee</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sightsaw</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stravaig</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">telecast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">telecast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unclothe</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unclothed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbid</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbuy</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undercut</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undercut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underdig</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underdug</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underlay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underlaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underlet</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underlie</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underlaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underpay</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underpaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underrun</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underran</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unfreeze</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unfroze</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withdraw</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withdrew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withhold</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withheld</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">broadcast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">broadcast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">discomfit</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">facsimile</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misbecome</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misbecame</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mischoose</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mischose</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthrust</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthrust</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbreed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbred</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbuild</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbuilt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrink</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrank</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrive</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrove</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overshake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overshook</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overshine</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overshone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overshoot</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overshot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversleep</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overslept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overslide</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overslid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overswing</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overswung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwrite</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwrote</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">proofread</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">proofread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reaedifye</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">restringe</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">simulcast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">simulcast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">trampolin</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbear</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbore</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbind</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undercast</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undercast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underdraw</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underdrew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underfeed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underfed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undergrow</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undergrew</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underhang</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underhung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undersaye</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undersell</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undersold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undertake</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undertook</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withstand</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withstood</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ghostwrite</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ghostwrote</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interbreed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interbred</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interweave</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interwove</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overclothe</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overclothed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstride</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstrode</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbuild</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbuilt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undershoot</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undershot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underspend</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underspent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">understand</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">understood</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underwrite</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underwrote</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underclothe</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underclothed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misunderstand</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misunderstood</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-irregular-compound-past&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;gosyz&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ie</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ae</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">quit</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">uret</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">budget</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">efer</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nfer</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sfer</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">bias</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sed</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">bishop</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">woman</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">jambok</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ked</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">alog</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">daub</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-a-past&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;aeiouy&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">b</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0b</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dglmpw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ad</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ded</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bhlnrtw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ded</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bklr&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">id</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ded</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;cdghlnprst&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">od</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ded</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bchmprtw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ud</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ded</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">uf</span><span class="plain-syntax">                    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">fed</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;aeiouy&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">g</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ged</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcdhiklmnprstuv&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">al</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">led</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcdfghkmnprstuvwz&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">el</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">led</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;cfmnrtv&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">il</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">led</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcrtv&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ol</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">led</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;cn&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ul</span><span class="plain-syntax">                </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">led</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcdghjlprw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">am</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">med</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;glt&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">em</span><span class="plain-syntax">               </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">med</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dhklnrw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">im</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">med</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lom</span><span class="plain-syntax">                   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">med</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcghlmrstv&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">um</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">med</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcflmptvw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">an</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;ry&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">en</span><span class="plain-syntax">                </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dhklprtw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;fw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">on</span><span class="plain-syntax">                </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dfghprst&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">un</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ned</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;cdghjlmnprstwyz&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ap</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;klprt&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ep</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dhklnprtuyz&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ip</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bdhmprstuw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">op</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;dhpst&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">yp</span><span class="plain-syntax">                    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ped</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcfhjmnptw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ar</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;fhmst&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ir</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">dor</span><span class="plain-syntax">                   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bclp&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ur</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">red</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bgmpv&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">as</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sed</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;mnrsu&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">es</span><span class="plain-syntax">             </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sed</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;hmpw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">is</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sed</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcds&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">os</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sed</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bclm&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">us</span><span class="plain-syntax">              </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sed</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcfhlmprtuvw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">at</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;ghjstvw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">et</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;fhlmnptw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">it</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcdhjlnprstw&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ot</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcghjlmnprt&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ut</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ted</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;ei&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">v</span><span class="plain-syntax">                 </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ved</span><span class="plain-syntax">       |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iz</span><span class="plain-syntax">                    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">zed</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-b-past&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;aeiou&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ked</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;eioy&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">e</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;aeiou&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">y</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-regular-c-past&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">e</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">   |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">y</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ied</span><span class="plain-syntax">  |   </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *            </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP45" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;45. Present to past participles.</b>Sentences like
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>The verb to carry means the carrying relation.</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">are only one way in which Inform creates new verbs; it also implicitly creates
verbs when actions are declared:
</p>

<blockquote>
    <p>Smoothing is an action applying to one thing.</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="commentary">Verbs like this are not stored in anything like the full conjugations above;
the action knows just two forms of its verb, the present and past participles.
This time the base text is the present participle ("smoothing"); the other
inflection we need is the past participle ("smoothed"), and we need a trie
which generates it from the present. This process is called "pasturising",
which is, er, not actually an approved term from linguistics.
</p>

<p class="commentary">English is replete with exceptions &mdash; "catching" must become "caught",
not "catched", for instance &mdash; so this trie consists of about 460 special
cases followed by two general rules.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;pasturise-participle&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-pasturise-exceptions&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-pasturise-regular-y&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    ... </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-pasturise-regular&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-pasturise-exceptions&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">abiding</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">abided</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alighting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alighted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arising</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arisen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">awaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">awakened</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">backbiting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">backbitten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">backsliding</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">backslidden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">born</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beating</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beaten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">becoming</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">become</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">befalling</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">befallen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">begeting</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">begotten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">begining</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">begun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beholding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beheld</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bending</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bereaving</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bereaved</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beseeching</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">besought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">besetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">beset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bestrewing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bestrewn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">betting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bet</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">betaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">betaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bethinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bethought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">binding</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">biting</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bitten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bleeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">blowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">blown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">breaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">broken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">breeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bred</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bringing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">brought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">broadcasting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">broadcast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">browbeating</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">browbeaten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">building</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">built</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">burning</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">burned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bursting</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">burst</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">busting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">busted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">buying</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">casting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">catching</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">caught</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chiding</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chided</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">choosing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">chosen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">claping</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clapped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clinging</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clothing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">clothed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">coming</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">come</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">costing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cost</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">creeping</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">crept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">crossbreeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">crossbred</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cutting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">daring</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dared</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">daydreaming</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">daydreamed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dealing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dealt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">digging</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dug</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dighting</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dighted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">disproving</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">disproved</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">diving</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dived</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">doing</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">done</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drawing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dreaming</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dreamed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">drunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">driving</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">driven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dwelling</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">dwelt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">eating</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">eaten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">enwinding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">enwound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">falling</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fallen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">feeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">feeling</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">felt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fighting</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">finding</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">found</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fitted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fleeing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">flinging</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">flung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">flying</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">flown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forbearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forborne</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forbiding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forbidden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fordoing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fordone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forecasting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forecast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foregoing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foregone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreknowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreknown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreruning</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forerun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreseeing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreseen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreshowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foreshown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forespeaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forespoken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foretelling</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">foretold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgotten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgiving</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forgiven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forsaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forsaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forswearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forsworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fraughting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">fraught</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">freezing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">frozen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">frostbiting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">frostbitten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gainsaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gainsaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">getting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">got</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gilding</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gilded</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">giving</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">given</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">going</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">grinding</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ground</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">growing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">grown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">halterbreaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">halterbroken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hamstringing</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hamstrung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hand</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">feeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hand</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">fed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">handwriting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">handwritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hanging</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">heard</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">heaving</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">heaved</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hewing</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hewn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hiding</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hidden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">holding</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">held</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hurting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hurt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inbreeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inbred</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inlaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inlaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inputing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">input</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">insetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interbreeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interbred</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">intercutting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">intercut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interlaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interlaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">intersetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interweaving</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interwoven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interwinding</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">interwound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inweaving</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inwoven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">jerry</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">building</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">jerry</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">built</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">keeping</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kneeling</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">knelt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">knitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">knitted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">knowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">known</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lading</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">laden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">landsliding</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">landslid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">laying</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">laid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">leading</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">led</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">leaning</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">leaned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">leaping</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">leaped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">learning</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">learned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">leaving</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">left</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lending</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">letting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">let</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lieing</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lain</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lighting</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lip</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">reading</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lip</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">read</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">losing</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lost</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">making</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">made</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">meaning</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">meant</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">meeting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">met</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misbecoming</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misbecome</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miscasting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miscast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miscutting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miscut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misdealing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misdealt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misdoing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misdone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mishearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misheard</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mishitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mishit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mislaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mislaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misleading</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mislearning</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mislearned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misreading</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">missaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">missaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">missending</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">missent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">missetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspeaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspoken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspelling</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspelled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspending</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misspent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misswearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">missworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mistaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mistaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misteaching</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mistaught</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mistelling</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mistold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misthinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misthought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misunderstanding</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misunderstood</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miswearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">misweding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miswed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miswriting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">miswritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">mowed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">offsetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">offset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outbiding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outbid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outbreeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outbred</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdoing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdrawing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdrawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdrinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdrunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdriving</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outdriven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outfighting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outfought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outflying</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outflown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outgrowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outgrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outlaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outlaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outleaping</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outleaped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outputing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">output</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outriding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outridden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outruning</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outrun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outseeing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outseen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outselling</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outshining</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outshined</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outshooting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outshot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsinging</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsat</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsleeping</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outslept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsmelling</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsmelled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outspeaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outspoken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outspeeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outspending</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outspent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outspining</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outspun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outspringing</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsprung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outstanding</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outstood</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outswearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outsworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outswiming</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outswum</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outtelling</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outtold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthrowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outthrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outwearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outwinding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outwound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outwriting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outwritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overborne</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbiding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbreeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbred</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbuilding</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbuilt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbuying</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overbought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcasting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcoming</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcome</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcutting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overcut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdoing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrawing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overdrunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overeating</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overeaten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overfeeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overfed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overhanging</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overhung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overhearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overheard</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overleaping</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overleaped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlieing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overlain</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overpaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overpaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overriding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overridden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overruning</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overrun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overseeing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overseen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overselling</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversewing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversewn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overshooting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overshot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversleeping</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overslept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspeaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspoken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspending</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspilling</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspilled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspining</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspreading</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overspringing</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">oversprung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstanding</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstood</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstrewing</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstrewn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstriding</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstridden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstriking</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overstruck</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overtaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overtaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overthinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overthought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overthrowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overthrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwinding</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwriting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">overwritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">partaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">partaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">paying</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">paid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pleading</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pleaded</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">praying</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">prayed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">prebuilding</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">prebuilt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">predoing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">predone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">premaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">premade</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">prepaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">prepaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">preselling</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">presold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">presetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">preset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">preshrinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">preshrunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">presplitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">presplit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">proofreading</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">proofread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">proving</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">proven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">putting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">put</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quick</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">freezing</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quick</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">frozen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quiting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">quit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reading</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">read</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reawaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reawaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rebiding</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rebid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rebinding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rebound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rebroadcasting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rebroadcast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rebuilding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rebuilt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">recasting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">recast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">recutting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">recut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redealing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redealt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redoing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redrawing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">redrawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reeving</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reeved</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">refitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">refitted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">regrinding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reground</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">regrowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">regrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rehanging</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rehung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rehearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reheard</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reknitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reknitted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">relearning</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">relearned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">relighting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">relit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">remaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">remade</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rending</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">repaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">repaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rereading</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reruning</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rerun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reselling</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resending</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resewing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">resewn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reteaching</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retaught</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retorn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retelling</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rethinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rethought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retreading</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retrofitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">retrofitted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reweaving</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewoven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reweding</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">reweting</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewet</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewining</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewon</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewinding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewriting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rewritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">riding</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">riding</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ridden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ringing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rising</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">risen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">riving</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">riven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">roughcasting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">roughcast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">running</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">run</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sand</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">casting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sand</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sawing</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sawed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">saying</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">said</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">seeing</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">seen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">seeking</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">feeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">fed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">selling</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sending</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">setting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">set</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sewing</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sewn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shaving</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shaved</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sheared</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sheding</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shining</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shined</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shoeing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shoed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shooting</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">showing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shrinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shrunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shriving</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shriven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shutting</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">shut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sight</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">reading</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sight</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">read</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">singing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">siting</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sat</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">skywriting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">skywritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sleeping</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sliding</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slinging</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slinked</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">slit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">smelling</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">smelled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">smiting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">smitten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sneaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sneaked</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sowing</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">speaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spoken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">speeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spelling</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spelled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spending</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spilling</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spilled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spinning</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">splitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">split</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spoiling</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spoiled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spoon</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">feeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spoon</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">fed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spreading</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">spread</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">springing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sprung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stall</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">feeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stall</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">fed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">standing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stood</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">staving</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">staved</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stealing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stolen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sticking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stuck</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stinging</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stunk</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strewing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strewn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">striding</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stridden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">striking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">struck</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stringing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">striping</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stripped</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">striving</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">striven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">subletting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sublet</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sunburning</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sunburned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sweating</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sweat</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sweeping</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swelling</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swollen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swiming</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swum</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swinging</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">swung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">taking</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">taken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">teaching</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">taught</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">torn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">telecasting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">telecast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">telling</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">told</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">test</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">driving</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">test</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">driven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">test</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">flying</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">test</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">flown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thriving</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thrived</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">throwing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thrown</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thrusting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thrust</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">treading</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">trodden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">troubleshooting</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">troubleshot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">typecasting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">typecast</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">typesetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">typeset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">typewriting</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">typewritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unborn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbending</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbinding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbuilding</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unbuilt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbiding</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbuying</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underbought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undercutting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undercut</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underfeeding</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underfed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undergoing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undergone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underlaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underlaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underletting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underlet</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underlieing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underlain</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underruning</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underrun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underselling</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undersold</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undershooting</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undershot</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underspending</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underspent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">understanding</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">understood</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undertaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undertaken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underthrusting</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underthrust</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underwriting</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">underwritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undoing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undone</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undrawing</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">undrawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unfreezing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unfrozen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unhanging</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unhung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unhiding</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unhidden</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unholding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unheld</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unknitting</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unknitted</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unlading</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unladen</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unlaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unlaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unlearning</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unlearned</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unmaking</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unmade</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unreeving</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unreeved</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unsaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unsaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unsewing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unsewn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unslinging</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unslung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unspining</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unspun</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unsticking</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unstuck</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unstringing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unstrung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unswearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unsworn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unteaching</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">untaught</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unthinking</span><span class="plain-syntax">      </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unthought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unweaving</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unwoven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unwinding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unwound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unwriting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unwritten</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">upholding</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">upheld</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">upsetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">upset</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vexing</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vexed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">waking</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">woken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">waylaying</span><span class="plain-syntax">       </span><span class="identifier-syntax">waylaid</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wearing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">worn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weaving</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">woven</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weding</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weeping</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wept</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wetting</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wet</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wining</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="identifier-syntax">won</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">winding</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wound</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withdrawing</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withdrawn</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withholding</span><span class="plain-syntax">     </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withheld</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withstanding</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">withstood</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wringing</span><span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wrung</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">writing</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">written</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-pasturise-regular-y&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">aying</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    |        </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">eying</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    |        </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">oying</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">    |        </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ying</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ied</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-trie-pasturise-regular&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ing</span><span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ed</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP46" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;46. Adjective agreements.</b>English doesn't inflect adjectives at all (let's not argue about "blond"
and "blonde"), so the following are just stubs.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-plural&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *                </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-masculine-singular&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *                </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-feminine-singular&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *                </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-masculine-plural&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *                </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-feminine-plural&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *                </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP47" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;47. </b>Grading of adjectives is more interesting. These spelling rules are taken
from the Oxford English Grammar at 4.24, "Gradability and comparison".
Something we can't easily implement is that a final vowel plus consonant
doesn't result in doubling the consonant (in the way that "big" becomes
"bigger") if that closing syllable is unstressed, but fortunately this is
rare in English adjectives.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-comparative&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">good</span><span class="plain-syntax">                                  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">better</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">well</span><span class="plain-syntax">                                  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">better</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bad</span><span class="plain-syntax">                                   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">worse</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">far</span><span class="plain-syntax">                                   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">farther</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">e</span><span class="plain-syntax">                                    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">er</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |     </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcdfghkmlnprstvwxyz&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">y</span><span class="plain-syntax">               </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ier</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |    </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;aeiou&gt;&lt;aeiou&gt;&lt;bcdfghkmlnprstvxyz&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">er</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |     </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;aeiou&gt;&lt;bcdfghkmlnprstvxyz&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">er</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |    </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *                                     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">er</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-superlative&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">good</span><span class="plain-syntax">                                  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">best</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">well</span><span class="plain-syntax">                                  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">best</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">bad</span><span class="plain-syntax">                                   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">worst</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">far</span><span class="plain-syntax">                                   </span><span class="identifier-syntax">farthest</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">e</span><span class="plain-syntax">                                    </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">est</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcdfghkmlnprstvwxyz&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">y</span><span class="plain-syntax">               </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iest</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;aeiou&gt;&lt;aeiou&gt;&lt;bcdfghkmlnprstvxyz&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">   </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">est</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;aeiou&gt;&lt;bcdfghkmlnprstvxyz&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">          </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">est</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *                                     </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">est</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP48" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;48. </b>To the best of my knowledge there's no technical term for "the noun which
is formed from an adjective to refer to the quality it measures", so the
Inform source code calls this the "quiddity". English permits several
competing forms of these to be constructed, depending on the adjective's
spelling (for example, "brutal" can become "brutality", but "small" can't
become "smallity"), but in general, except for Anglo-Saxon cases, the "-ness"
suffix seems universally possible. For simplicity we'll use that; note the
OEG's warning at 9.21 that this avoids problems where these forms, though
notionally equivalent, have diverged in meaning: e.g., "casualty" should
mean the same as "casualness", but no longer does. The "-ness" form is
sometimes less elegant, but never means the wrong thing.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-quiddity&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ong</span><span class="plain-syntax">                            </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ength</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |    </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;bcdfghkmlnprstvwxyz&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">y</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iness</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |    </span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *                               </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ness</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP49" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;49. </b>English has almost no noun cases at all, with the only exceptions being
Anglo-Saxon pronouns (thus we distinguish "they" and "them" as nominative
and accusative, for example); and pronouns we handle separately in any
case. We won't bother to distinguish gender:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;grammatical-case-names&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nominative</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="identifier-syntax">accusative</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;noun-declension&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-noun-declension-group&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-noun-declension-tables&gt;</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP50" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;50. </b>And the sorting into groups sorts everything into "group 1", the only group:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-noun-declension-group&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *            </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-noun-declension-tables&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-noun-declension-uninflected&gt;</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP51" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;51. </b>And in this single group, nominative and accusative forms are identical
to the stem in both singular and plural.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-noun-declension-uninflected&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax"> | </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP52" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;52. </b>English articles only inflect slightly, to show indefinite plurals; they
don't distinguish nominative from accusative.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="function-syntax">&lt;article-declension&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    *           </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-article-declension&gt;</span>

<span class="function-syntax">&lt;en-article-declension&gt;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax">           </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">                </span><span class="identifier-syntax">some</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">some</span><span class="plain-syntax"> |</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">the</span><span class="plain-syntax">         </span><span class="identifier-syntax">the</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">the</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">                </span><span class="identifier-syntax">the</span><span class="plain-syntax">  </span><span class="identifier-syntax">the</span>
</pre>
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